HELLO STUDENTS: DAY-2 Evening
1. SPECIFIC HYBRID VARIETIES IN PLANT BREEDING:
*SHARBATI SONARA = Wheat variety.
*ATOMITA 2 RICE = Saline tolerance and pest resistance of Rice
*THICK SHELL GROUND NUT=Mutant variety of Ground nut
*SONALIKA = Semi Dwarf variety of Wheat.
*KALYAN SONA= Semi Dwarf variety of Wheat.
*IR-8="Miracle Rice ", Semi -Dwarf rice variety.(developed at International Rice Research Institute (IRRI,Philippines),introduced in1966.
*JAYA and RATNA = Semi Dwarf variety of Rice developed in India.
*Taichung Native -1 (from Taiwan) = Semi Dwarf variety of paddy.
*NORIN 10 Wheat = Semi Dwarf Wheat cultivar( having Rht1and Rht2 genes) with large ears developed in Japan.
*Hybrid variety of Sugar cane with high yield, thick stems,higher sugar obtained by crossing Saccharum barberi of North India and Saccharum officinarum of South India.
*PROTINA,SHAKTI and RATTAN = Lysine rich maize hybrids.
*ATLAS 66 = Protein rich Wheat variety.
*TMV-2 and AK-10 = Ground nut varieties.
*TV-29 = Triploid variety of Tea(Polyploid breeding).
*TRITICALE =An hexaploid hybrid of Wheat(Triticum durum,2n = 28) and Rye(Secale cecale ,2n = 14 and the First man made cereal.
*Raphanobrassica(2n = 4X = 36) = An allotetraploid between Radish (Raphanus sativus,2n = 18) and Cabbage(Brassica oleracea,2n = 18).
2.DISEASE RESISTANT VARITIES IN PLANT BREEDING:
*HIMGIRI = Wheat (Leaf and stripe rust and Hill bunt )
*PUSA SWARNIM(or)KARAN RAI) = Brassica(White rust)
*PUSA SHUBHRA and PUSA SNOWBALL K-1 =Cauliflower (Black rot, Curl blight black rot )
*PUSA KOMAL = Cowpea(Bacterial blight)
*PUSA SADABAHAR = Chilli (Chilli mosaic disease, Tobacco mosaic disease and leaf curl.
3.PEST RESISTANT VARITIES IN PLANT BREEDING:
*PUSA GAURAV = Brassica or rapeseed mustard(Aphids)
*PUSA SEM 2 and PUSA SEM 3 = Flat bean(Jassids,aphids and fruit borer)
*PUSA SAWANI and PUSA A-4 = Okra/Bhindi/Lady's finger(Shoot and Fruit borer).
4.NICK NAMES USED IN ECONOMIC BOTANY:
*National fruit of India = Mango(Mangifera indica).
*State fruit of Tamilnadu = Jack fruit (Artocarpus heterophylla).
*"Queen of Spices" = Cardamom(Elettaria cardamomum).
*"King of Spices"and "Black Gold of India" = Pepper(Piper nigram).
*Cayenne pepper = Chillies (or )Red Pepper(Capsicum annuum).
*"Madurai malli" = Jasmine (Jasminum grandiflorum).
"King of Bitters" = Nilavembu (Andrographis paniculata).
5. COMMONLY USED OTHER NAMES IN BOTANY:
*Xylem fibres = Libriform fibres
*Phloem fibres=Bast fibres (or)Extra Xylary fibres
*Xylem=Hadrome
*Phloem=Leptome
*Brachysclereids=Stone cells
*Osteosclereids=Bone cells
*Astrosclereids= Star cells
*Macrosclereids=Rod cells
*Subsidiary cells =Accessory cells
*Bulliform cells=Motor cells
*Pith= Medulla(or)Intra stelar ground tissue.
*Cortex= Extra Stelar ground tissue
*Albuminous cells=Strasburger cells
*Rib meristem= File meristem
*Xylem vessels= Trachea
*Root Epidermis =Piliferous layer (or)Epiblema.
*Bundle cap=Hardbast
*Respiratory cavity= Substomatal cavity
*Bundle Sheath of Dicot leaf= Border parenchyma.
*Bundle Sheath of C4 grasses=Kranz sheath.
*Porous wood= Hard wood
*Non-Porous wood= Soft wood
*Cork=Phellem
*Cork cambium=Phellogen
*Secondary cortex=Phelloderm
*Sap wood=Alburnum
*Heart wood= Duramen
*Hydathodes= Water Stomata.
*Dark Reaction=C3Cycle (or)Biosynthetic phase (or)Photosynthetic Carbon Reduction(PCR) Cycle.
*Hatch and Slack Pathway =C4 Cycle (or)Dicarboxylic Acid pathway (or)Dicarboxylation pathway.
*Crassulacean Acid Metabolism=CAM cycle.
*Photorespiration=C2 Cycle(or)Photosynthetic Carbon Oxidation (PCO) Cycle.
*Glycolysis= EMP pathway
*Krebs Cycle=Citric acid cycle or TCA Cycle (or) Tri Carboxylic Acid cycle
*Penrose Phosphate Pathway =Phospho Gluconate Pathway(or)Warburg -Dickens Lippmann pathway (or)Hexose monophosphate shunt (HMP Shunt).
*Amphicribral vascular=Hadrocentric vascular concentric bundle.
*Amphivasal vascular bundle = Leptocentric vascular bundle.
*Plant taxonomy=Systematic Botany.
*Herbarium= Dead Garden
*Malvaceae=Cotton Family
*Solanaceae=Potato Family
*Euphorbiaceae= Castor Family
*Musaceae= Banana Family
* DNA duplex= "Coil of life"
*Chargaff's law= Base pair rule.
*Transfer RNA= Soluble RNA(sRNA)
*Ribosomal RNA= Stable RNA
*Restriction Endonucleases=Molecular Scissors
*DNA ligase=Molecular paste.
*Heterosis=Hybrid vigour.
6. CHROMOSOME NUMBERS OF PLANTS IN DIPLOID STATE:
*Papaya(Carica papaya)=36
*Radish(Raphanus sativus)=18
*Cabbage(Brassica oleracea)=18
*Pisum sativum (Garden pea)=14
*Arabidopsis thaliana =10
*Apple=34
*Ophioglossum(Adder's tongue fern)=1262
*Equisetum((Horsetail)=216
*Sugarcane=80
*Rice= 24
*Potato=48
*Maize=20
*Onion=16
*Giant Sequoia=22
*Haplopappus gracilis=4
By
Mr.R.Soundarapandian, MSc, MEd, MPhil,
PG Asst Zoology
Sir MCTM Boys Higher Secondary School,
Purasawalkam Chennai-84.
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