HELLO STUDENTS: DAY- 5 Evening
1.ABO BLOOD GROUP CAN GIVE AND GET DURING TRANSFUSION:
*O+ can give to O+,A+,B+and AB+
*A+ can give to A+ and AB+
*B+ can give to B+ and AB+
*AB+ can give to AB+
*O- can give to Everyone
*A- can give to A+,A-and AB+
*B- can give to B+,B-,AB+and AB-
*AB- can give to AB+ and AB -
*ABO Blood Group was discovered by Karl Landsteiner.
*Rh Factor was discovered by Landsteiner and Weiner(1940) in Rhesus monkey.
*"AB" Blood group is called as "Universal recipient".
*"O" Blood group is called as "Universal donar".
*AB Blood Group is the rarest Blood group.
*AB Blood Group was discovered by Von De Castello and Sturli in 1902.
*O+ can get from O+ and O-
*A+ can get from A+,A-,O+and O-
*B+ can get from B+,B-,O+and O-
*AB+ can get from Everyone
*O- can get from O-
*A- can get from A- and O-
*B - can get from B- and O-
*AB- can get from AB-, A-,B-and O-
2.BLOOD TYPE OF PARENTS AND BLOOD GROUPS IN THEIR CHILDREN(HOMOZYGOUS AND HETEROZYGOUS):
*O×O Parent = Possible Blood type of Children is O
*O×A=O and A
*O×B= O and B
*O×AB=A and B
*A×A= A and O
*A×B=O,A,B and AB
*B×B=B and O
*A×AB= A,B and AB("O" Blood group is impossible)
*B×AB= A,B and AB("O" Blood group is impossible)
*AB×AB =A,B and AB( "O" Blood group is impossible).
3.IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE FOLLOWED IN INDIA:
*New born = BCG (1st dose)
*15 days = Oral polio(1st dose)
*6th week =DPT and Polio (1st dose)
*10th week =DPT and Polio (2nd dose)
*14th week =DPT and Polio (3rd dose)
*9-12 months = Measles (1st dose)
*18-24 months = DPT and Polio (1st Booster)
*15 months - 2 Years = MMR vaccine (1st dose)
*2-3 Years = Typhoid vaccine (2doses at 1 month gap)
*4-6 Years = DT and Polio (2nd Booster)
*10th Year = TT and Typhoid (1st dose)
*16th Year = TT and. Typhoid (2nd Booster).
4. TYPES OF IMMUNITY:
*NATURAL (or) INNATE IMMUNITY (or) NON- SPECIFIC= Naturally available right from birth
*ACQUIRED (or) SPECIFIC (or) ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY= Developed in the body after birth,Found only in Vertebrates,Unique features are Specificity, Diversity, Discrimination between self and non-self and Memory.
*ACTIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY=Antibodies are produced by antigenic stimulus.
*NATURAL ACTIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY=developed after recovering from a disease.
*ARTIFICIAL ACTIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY=developed by immunization by introducing vaccines
*PASSIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY=Pre-formed Antibodies bring forth immunity.
*NATURAL PASSIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY= through mother's breast milk , Antibodies of mother enter the child.
*ARTIFICIAL PASSIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY= antibodies extracted from other animals are introduced.
5. IMPORTANT NATIONAL PARKS , WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES AND RESERVES IN INDIA:
*KARNATAKA=Bandipur National Park( a Tiger Reserve)
*UTTRANCHAL=Corbett National Park ( India's First National Park and a Tiger Reserve)
*GUJARAT=Gir National Park
*MADHYAPRADESH=Kanha National Park (Tiger Reserve)
*RAJASTHAN=Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary
*ASSAM=Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (Tiger Reserve)
*WEST BENGAL=Sunderbans National Park
*TAMIL NADU= Guindy National Park, Chennai,Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park, Coastal areas of Ramnad and Tuticorin district,Mukurthi National Park ,Vedanthangal Lake Birds WLS(Chengalpet), Mudumalai WLS(Nilgiris), Point Calimere WLS(Nagapattinam),Indira Gandhi (or)Anaimalai WLS(Coimbatore), WLS(Tirunelveli) and Aringnar Anna Zoological Park,Vandalur, Chennai.
6. EXAMPLES FOR INSITU AND EXSITU CONSERVATION:
*INSITU CONSERVATION=National Parks, Biosphere Reserve and Wild
Life Sanctuaries.
*EXSITU CONSERVATION=Zoological Parks and Botanical gardens.
7. EXCRETORY ORGANS IN DIFFERENT ANIMALS:
*Plasmalemma= Amoeba
*General body surface=Sponges and Hydra
*Flame cells(or)Protonephredia(or)
Solenocytes=Platyhelminthes like Taenia and Fasciola
*Nephridia= Annelida like Earthworm
*Malpighian tubules= Arthropods like Cockroach
*Coxal gland= Arachnids like Spiders
*Antennal gland (or) Green glands=Crustaceans like Prawns,Crayfishes and lobsters.
8. EXAMPLES FOR INTER AND INTRA SPECIFIC ASSOCIATIONS OR INTERACTIONS:
*AMENSALISM(-,0)= Harmful for one,but the other species are unaffected eg: Penicillium and Staphylococcus bacteria,Cat and Rat.
*MUTUALISM(+,+) = Both species are benefitted eg : Lichen, Mycorrhiza,Crocodile and Crocodile bird,Sea anemone and Hermit crab.
*COMMENSALISM(+,0)= One species is benefitted and other species is neither benefitted nor harmed eg:Orchids,Lianas, Sucker fish and Shark
*COMPETITION(-,-)= Harmful for both eg:Grassland species, Birds and Squirrels on the tree branches.
*PARASITISM(+,-)= One Species is benefitted and the other species is harmed eg.Cuscuta,Duranta,Viscum, Parasites like Ascaris and Tapeworm in Human digestive tract.
*PREDATION(+,-)= One Species is benefitted and the other one is harmed eg:Drosera and Nepenthes on insects,Lion (or) Tiger predatory on Deer.
By
Mr.R.Soundarapandian, MSc, MEd, MPhil,
PG Asst Zoology
SIR MCTM Boys Higher Secondary School,
Purasawalkam Chennai-84.
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