HELLO STUDENTS: DAY- 7 Morning
1.IMPORTANT SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM PLANTS:
*ACALYPHINE= Acalypha indica (Rhematoid arthritis)
*DIGOXIN= Digitalis purpuria ( Heart disease, Cardiac tonic)
*CODEINE= Papaver sominiferum (Pain killer- Analgesic)
*MARMELOSIN= Aegle marmelos( Stomach indigestion,Heart and Brain tonic)
*CAPSAICIN= Capsicum annum(Rheumatic pain treatment)
*EMETIN= Psychotria ipecacuanha,Cephalis(or)Ipecoc(Emetic,antiprotozoal)
*VINCRISTINE= Catharanthus roseus (or)Vinca rosea ( Anti - carcinogenic,Cancer treatment)
* PRESCENE= Cissus quarangularis(HADJOR-Bone joiner,treats bone fractures and asthma)
*MORPHINE= Papaver sominiferum (or)Opium poppy(Strongest pain killer)
*QUININE= Cinchona officinalis( Anti- malarial,Treats malaria)
*EPHEDRINE= Ephedra sonica(Treat cough)
*ALOIN= Aloe vera (Skin care)
*PHYLLANTHIN=Phyllanthus maderspatensis( Treatment of Jaundice)
*VASCIN=Justicia adathoda (or)Adathodai(Branchodilator)
*CURCUMIN= Curcuma longa( Anti bacterial)
*MIMOSIN= Mimosa pudica( Treats asthma,Piles and Whooping cough)
*GINSENG= Panax ginseng (Relaxation of physical and mental stress)
*SOLANIN and SAPONIN= Solanum nigrum ( Treatment of Liver cirrhosis)
*NICOTINE,NORNICOTINE and ANABASINE= Nicotiana tabaccum( Used as Sedative, Antispasmodic and Insecticide)
*STROMONIUM= Datura stramonium( Treat asthma and Whooping cough)
*ATROPINE= Atropa belladonna(Relieving muscular pain)
SOME OTHER SECONDARY METABOLITES OF VARIOUS ORIGIN:
*PIGMENTS= Carotenoids, Anthocyanins etc
*ALKALOIDS= Morphine,Codeine etc
*TERPENOIDES= Monoterpenes,Diterpenes etc
*ESSENTIAL OILS= Lemon grass oil,etc
*TOXINS= Abrin and Ricin
*LECTINS=Concanavalin A
*DRUGS= Vinblastine,Curcumin,etc.
*POLYMERIC SUBSTANCES= Rubber,gums and Cellulose.
*COLCHICINE= Colchicum autumnale(induce Polyploidy).
2.IMPORTANT ANTIBIOTICS AND SOURCES :
*OXYTETRACYCLINE and TERRAMYCIN= Streptomyces rimosus
*SUBTILIN= Bacillus subtilis
*BACITRACIN= Bacillus licheniformis(Syphilis)
*PENICILLIN= Penicillium notatum and Penicillium chrysogenum(against Gram Positive Pneumonia bacteria)
*CHLORTETRACYCLINE= Streptomyces aureofaciens
*STREPTOMYSIN= Streptomyces griseus(Tuberculosis and Meningitis)
*ERYTHROMYCIN= Streptomyces erythraeus
*CHLOROMYCETIN= Streptomyces Venezuelan(Typhoid fever)
*GRISEOFULVIN= Penicillium spp.(Ringworm and Athelete's foot)
*AUREOMYCIN=Streptomyces aureofaciens (Osteomyelitis, Whooping cough and eye infections)
*NEOMYCIN=Streptomyces fradiae
*POLYMYXIN= Bacillus polymyxa
*KANAMYCIN= Streptomyces kanamyceticus.
3.INDIAN PLANT BREEDERS:
*Dr.M.S.SWAMINATHAN= He is pioneer mutation breeder.He is called as "Father of Green Revolution of India.
*Sir.T.S.VENKATARAMAN= An eminent sugarcane breeder.
*Dr.B.P.PAL= Famous wheat breeder, developed superior disease resistant varieties of wheat.
*Dr.K.RAMIAH= Eminent rice breeder, developed several high yielding varieties of rice.
*N.G.P. RAO= An eminent Sorghum breeder, developed world's first hybrid of Sorghum( CSH-1)
*C.T.PATEL= Who developed world's first cotton hybrid.
*CHOUDHARY RAM DHAN= Wheat breeder,who is famous for C-591 variety of Wheat,which is made Punjab as Wheat granary of India.
4.CLASSIFICATION OF BIOFERTILIZERS WITH EXAMPLES
*NITROGEN FIXING BIOFERTILIZERS=
1)Free living (Azotobacter, Clostridium,Anabaena,Nostoc),
2) Symbiotic (Rhizobium, Anabaena azollae),
3)Associative Symbiotic (Azospirillum).
*PHOSPHORUS SOLUBILIZING BIOFERTILIZERS=
1) Bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas striata),
2)Fungi(Penicillium, Aspergillus).
*PHOSPHORUS MOBILIZING BIOFERTILIZERS=
1)Arbuscular Mycorrhiza(Glomus,Scutellospora),
2)Ectomycorhiza(Amanita).
*BIOFERTILIZERS FOR MICRONUTRIENTS=
1) Silicate and Zinc solubilized(Bacillus).
*PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA=
1) Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas fluorescence)
*AZOLLA PINNATA= It is a free floating water fern fixes atmospheric Nitrogen in association with nitrogen fixing blue green alga Anabaena azolla.In India ,it is used as biofertilizer for wetland rice cultivation.
*BIO-PESTICIDES=
1)Trichoderma viridae (fungus).
2)Beauveria ia an entomo-pathogenic fungus, naturally controls arthropods species .
*GREEN MANURING= Crotalaria juncia,Tephrosia purpurea,Indigofera tinctorial,Cassia mimusoides,Glycine max, Indigofera linifolia,Sesbania prostrata,Acacia nilotica,Leucena, Lathyrus and Mucuna.
*GREEN INSITU MANURING (or) GREEN LEAF MANURING=Cassia fistula,Sesbania grandiflora,Azadirachta indica,Dilonix regia and Pongamia pinnata.
*CYANOBACTERIA ACT AS BIOFERTILIZER=Anabaena,Calothrix,Gleocapsa,Lyngbya, Nostoc,Oscillatoria and Scytonema.
By
Mr.R.Soundarapandian, MSc, MEd, MPhil,
PG Asst Zoology
SIR MCTM Boys Higher Secondary School,
Purasawalkam Chennai-84.
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