IMPORTANT TERMS:
· Acromegaly: Enlargement of hands, feet and jaws and giving man gorilla-like appearance. It is caused due to hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) after adolescence.
· Addison’s Disease: A disorder caused due to deficiency of cortisol and aldosterone,resulting in a bronze like pigmentation of skin,low blood sugar and low plasma sodium.
· Cretinism:A disorder caused in children due to deficiency of thyroid hormones.
· Cushing’s syndrome: A disorder caused due to excessive secretion of cortisol from adrenal cortex.
· Diabetes Insipidus: A disease characterized by the elimination of large quantity of hypotonic urine due to decreased absorption of water by the kidney tubules because of failure to secretion of vasopression or ADH.
· Dwarfism:A condition of a person with less growth caused due to deficiency of growth hormone (GH).
· Endocrine Glands: The glands which lack ducts and pour their secretions (hormones) directly into the blood.
· Eunuchoidism:A condition in a male characterized by underdeveloped secondary male sex characters caused due to failure of testosterone secretion.
· Gigantism:Abnormal elongation of long bones results due to hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) during early years of development.
· Grave’s Disease (Exophthalmic Goitre): An auto-immune disorder in which the person produces antibodies that mimic the action of TSH, resulting in thyroid enlargement and bulging of eyeballs.
· Gynaecomastia:The development of breast tissues in male due to perturbation of estrogen to androgen ratio.
· Hypothyroidism: Decreased activity of thyroid gland leads to less secretion of thyroxine due to deficiency of iodine resulting into simple goiter.
· Hyperthyroidism:Increased activity of thyroid gland leads to increased secretion of thyroxine resulting in exophthalmic goitre or Grave’s disease.
· Hypogonadism:A disorder arising due to defects ⁄injury to the hypothalamus, pituitary or testes ⁄ovary.
· Myxoedema: A disorder caused by deficiency of thyroid hormones in adults where the cardinal symptom is oedema (swollen and fluffy face).
· Precocious Puberty: Sexual maturation of ovary ⁄testes at an early age, i.e., before the age of ten in boys and nine in girls.
· Tetany (Muscle Spasms): Sustained contractions of the muscles of larynx, face, hands, and feet due to low level of parathormone.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
· Oral Contraceptive Pills: These contain synthetic estrogen and progesterone at a dose high enough to prevent ovulation.
· Baldness:Male sex hormone promotes baldness, while female hormones inhibit it.
· Pheromones:The chemicals released by some exocrine glands of same animals into the environment and affect the behaviour of other individual of the same species.
· Trophic (Tropic) Hormones: The hormones which stimulate other endocrine gland to release its hormone.
· Thomas Addison: Called the ‘Father of Endocrinology’.
· Four Ss’’: Standing one for ‘salt’, ‘sugar’, ‘sex’ and ‘stress’ refer to adrenal glands. As adrenal glands control salt and sugar metabolism, development of sex and stress reactions.
· Triple ‘F’ Gland: Adrenal gland due to its role in flight, fight and fright.
· World Diabetes Day: 14th November
· Iodine Deficiency Disorder Day (IDD Day): 21stOctober.
· Gastational Diabetes: A temporary phase of diabetes during pregnancy
· Gravidex Test: Involves testing of HCG of placenta in the urine to test the pregnancy.
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