IMPORTANT TERMS:
v Action Potential: Potential change that occurs in an axon on stimulation of a nerve fibre.
v Adrenergic Fibres:Fibres that release adrenaline at the terminal end.
v Adrenergic Nerve Fibres: The nerve fibres which secrete nor-adrenaline (as neurotransmitter) at their synapse/terminations.
v Afferent Neurons:The neurons which conduct nerve impulses from the peripheral tissues and organs to CNS.
v Cranial Nerves:The nerves arising from different parts of the brain.
v Cholinergic Fibres:Fibres that release acetylcholine at the terminal end.
v Cholinergenic Nerve Fibres:The nerve fibres which secrete acetylecholine (as neurotransmitter) at their synapses/ terminations.
v Efferent Neurons:The neurons which conduct nerve impulses from CNS to the peripheral tissues and organs.
v Extroception:Sensing (conscious or unconscious awareness) of the external environment.
v Ganglia:Neurons clustered in the PNS.
v Grey Matter:Part of CNS consisting of cell bodies, dendrites and synapses of neurons.
v Introception: Sensing (conscious or unconscious awareness) of the internal environment.
v Motor Nerve:The nerve which consists of only efferent nerve fibres and conducts the nerve impulses from the CNS to the peripheral tissues and organs.
v Mixed Nerve:The nerve which consists of both afferent and efferent nerve fibres and conducts the nerve impulse in both the direction.
v Nerves:Bundles of nerve fibres in the PNS.
v Nuclei:Neurons clustered into groups within the CNS.
v Organ of Corti:Hearing apparatus present in the middle canal of cochlea.
v Reflex:A spontaneous, involuntary, nerve mediated activity produced at the unconscious level.
v Resting Potential:Potential that exists in an axon at rest or without stimulation.
v Saltatory Conduction:Conduction of nerve impulse by myelinated nerve fibre in which impulse jumps from one node of Ranvier to another.
v Sensory Nerve: The nerve which consists of only afferent nerve fibres and conducts the nerve impulses from the peripheral tissues and organs to the CNS.
v Spinal Nerves:The nerves which arise from different segment of the spinal cord.
v Synapse:Space between the axon terminals of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron.
v Threshold Stimulus:The minimum intensity/strength of the stimulus that must be applied to the nerve fibre to stimulate it.
v Tracts:Bundles of nerve fibres within the CNS.
v White Matter: Part of CNS consisting of nerve fibres.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
v Amnesia: Partial or complete loss of memory.
v Analgesia:Loss of pain without loss of tactile sense.
v Anaesthesia:Loss of sensation or feeling.
v Alexia:Inability to read due to the formation of a lesion in the brain.
v Agraphia:Inability to write because of a lesion in the brain.
v Aphasia:Inability to speak or write because of a lesion in the brain.
v Apraxia:Inability to perform purposeful movements in the absence of paralysis.
v Annesia:Loss or lack of memory.
v Anosmia:Less of the sense of smell.
v Insominia:Chronic inability to sleep when sleep is desired; anxiety and depression are common causes.
v Electroencephalograph (EEG):An instrument to record (electroencephalogram) the electrical impulses from the brain on a paper to diagnose brain disorders.
v Encephalomyelitis:Acute inflammation of the brain and spinal cord.
v Brain Washing: Inducing a person to modify his attitude and behaviour in certain directions through various forms of pressure or torture.
v Dentist Nerve: Trigeminal (Vth cranial nerve) reacts to messages of pain, so named because the dentist desensitizes it with some local anaesthetic before drilling into or pulling out a tooth.
v Wondering Nerve: Vagus (Xth cranial nerve) has a wide distribution in the neck, thorax and abdomen. It is also a largest cranial nerve.
v Sciatic Nerve: Largest nerve in the body.
v Pathetic (Trochlear) Nerve: Smallest nerve in the body.
v Protanopia:Red colour blindness.
v Deuteranopia:Green colour blindness.
v Tritanopia: Blue colour blindness.
v Jacobson’s organs (Vomeronasal Organs) : These are additional olfactory organs found in amphibians, reptiles and certain lower mammals. They are best developed in snakes. In humans, they appear as rudiments in the embryo.
v Rhinitis:Inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane.
v Otology:Branch of medical science that deals with the study, diagnosis and treatment of the diseases of the ear and related structures.
Rhinology: Study of noise and its diseases.
Mr. A. KINGSLIN M.Sc, BEd, Phd,(doing)
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